Spring Copper

Tomares ballus, (Fabricius, 1787).

first update d. 1 december 2013

last update d. 2 april 2023

Aragon Candasnos, Spain d. 23 march 2013. Photographer; Arne Lykke ViborgSpring Copper, Tomares ballus. Aragon Candasnos, Spain d. 23 march 2013. Photographer; Martin BjergSpring Copper, Tomares ballus. Aragon Candasnos, Spain d. 23 march 2013. Photographer; Martin BjergSpring Copper, Tomares ballus. Aragon Candasnos, Spain d. 23 march 2013. Photographer; Martin BjergSpring Copper, Tomares ballus on Platycapnos spicata. Aragon Candasnos, Spain d. 23 march 2013. Photographer; Martin BjergSpring Copper, Tomares ballus. Aragon Candasnos, Spain d. 23 march 2013. Photographer; Martin BjergSpring Copper, Tomares ballus. Tarragona El Perelló, Spain d. 24 march 2013. Photographer; Martin Bjerg

Andalusisk Danser, Tomares ballus. Aragon Candasnos, Spanien d. 23 marts 2013. Fotograf; Martin Bjerg

Spring Copper, Tomares ballus (Fabricius, 1787).

Habitat: Dry rocky slopes with sparse vegetation, debris, beams, ravines.
Behavior: Usually sits on the soil or small stones, sometimes feeds on flowers, on favorit in Spain are Platycapnos spicata. Males are territory-assertive, that is, they either fly up and chase anyone who dares to enter the territory, or they fly into the whirling "dance-flight" around each other high into the air in a sort of territory battle. Females are less flying around, often seen on the flowers of nectary, or lay eggs on foodplants.
Flight season: Depending on the height above sea level, the season is from the end of January until early May.

Foodplants: Caterpillars which feed on Hairy Canary Clover, Dorycnium hirsutum and different Medicago species.

Distribution: Iberian Peninsula, Northern Africa and along the Mediterranean coast of Provence, France.

Name in Danish: Andalusisk Danser. In Dutch: Groene klaverpage.
In French: Faux-Cuivré smaragdin. In Catalan; Coure verdet.
In Spanish;. Cardenillo. In English: Provence Hairstreak or Spring Copper.

Author & Photographer: Martin Bjerg & Arne Lykke Viborg.

Corral d'en Sabaté 300-500 m., Capellades, Catalunya, Spanien d. 11 april 2022. Fotograf; Emil BjerregaardAndalusisk Danser, Tomares ballus. Corral d'en Sabaté 300-500 m., Capellades, Catalunya, Spanien d. 11 april 2022. Fotograf; Emil BjerregaardAndalusisk Danser, Tomares ballus. Corral d'en Sabaté 300-500 m., Capellades, Catalunya, Spanien d. 11 april 2022. Fotograf; Emil BjerregaardAndalusisk Danser, Tomares ballus. Corral d'en Sabaté 300-500 m., Capellades, Catalunya, Spanien d. 11 april 2022. Fotograf; Emil Bjerregaard

Andalusisk Danser, Tomares ballus Gul Lucerne, Mediccago sativa ssp. falcata.
Corral d'en Sabaté 300-500 m., Capellades, Catalunya, Spanien d. 11 april 2022. Fotograf; Emil Bjerregaard

Emil Bjerregaard, d. 11/4 2022: Corral d'en Sabaté (300-500 m), Capellades, Catalunya, Spanien.
Valget denne dag faldt på nogle spændende bjerge vest for Barcelona, nærmere bestemt Corral d'en Sabaté lige øst for byen Capellades. Topmålet i dag på Corral d'en Sabaté var Tomares ballus, en fin lille
Lycaenidae som i hele verden kun findes i Sydvesteuropa & Nordafrika. Det er en lokal art som kun flyver i én generation. I Europa (som er det udbredelsesområde jeg primært beskæftiger mig med) er det bedste tidspunkt for ballus dagene lige omkring månedsskiftet marts/april, så det er liiige sent nok at finde ballus d. 11. april.

Derfor var Corral d'en Sabaté nok ikke noget dårligt valg, da det ligger i 300-500 m, som forsinker flyvetiden en del (Tomares ballus er i den grad også et lavlandsdyr). Men det er en fed art, pt Europas eneste "tilgængelige" Tomares-art, da de to andre arter i slægten i Europa kun findes i Ukraine & Rusland (callimachus og nogelii).
Startede tidligt ved den sydlige fod af Corral d'en Sabaté, hvor jeg på den første del af min vandrerute måtte lide under en forfærdelig stank, da her ligger en kæmpe losseplads. Her var megen aktivitet med store maskiner, så larm slap jeg heller ikke for, så jeg skyndte mig op ad bjerget og væk fra både stank og larm. Til gengæld var vejret i dag helt perfekt, jeg kunne ikke ønske mig bedre betingelser. Solrigt, temperaturer op til 23°C og næsten ingen vind. Kun i ganske korte perioder hen over dagen kom der momentvist skydække. Alligevel viste det sig lidt som forventet ikke at blive nogen let opgave med
ballus. Jeg startede med at bruge meget tid på at finde egnede arealer med pæn lav vegetation og tilpas mængder Medicago-planter. En stor del af de åbne arealer på Corral d'en Sabaté er desværre ødelagt af for hård græsning, så jeg kom virkelig på prøve under dagens ballus-eftersøgning.

Efter ca. en times på bjerget, og ikke fundet ret meget andet end nogle
panoptes, dukkede dagens første ballus op, på en fuldstændig perfekt lokalitet. Umiddelbart tænkte jeg, at nu ville det sikkert gå slag i slag. Alligevel så jeg ikke mere til ballus de næste 4-5 timer, selvom jeg piskede rundt, op og ned ad bjerget. Først sidst på eftermiddagen fandt jeg en ny fuldstændig perfekt lokalitet for ballus, hvor jeg virkelig satte tid af til formålet. Og her fløj ballus! Det samlede resultat på dette sted blev i alt 4 ballus, hvilket jeg alt i alt er rigtig godt tilfreds med, dvs. 5 ballus i alt for hele bjerget. Jeg fik virkelig lov til at arbejde for mine 5 ballus - jeg vadede uafbrudt frem og tilbage på bjerget i 9 timer fra kl. 9-18.

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Caucasian Spring Copper

Tomares callimachus, (Eversmann, 1848).

first update  d. 8 may 2009

last update d. 2 april 2023

Locality of Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848). Southeast Crimea d 7 April 2009. Photographer: Morten S. Mølgaard.Locality of Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848). Southeast Crimea d 5 April 2009. Photographer: Morten S. Mølgaard.Locality of Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848). Southeast Crimea d 5 April 2009. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenCaucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848) female. Southeast Crimea d 7 April 2009. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenCaucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848) female. Southeast Crimea d 7 April 2009. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenCaucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848) male. Southeast Crimea d 7 April 2009. Photographer: Morten S. Mølgaard.Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848) female. Southeast Crimea d 5 April 2009. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenCaucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848) female. Southeast Crimea d 7 April 2009. Photographer: Morten S. Mølgaard.Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848) male. Southeast Crimea d 7 April 2009. Photographer: Morten S. Mølgaard.Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848) female laying eggs on flowerbud . Southeast Crimea d 7 April 2009. Photographer: Morten S. Mølgaard.

Caucasian  Vernal  Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848)
ssp.: tauricus (Korb & Yakovlev, 1998).

Habitat: Dry rocky slopes with sparse vegetation, debris, beams, ravines.
Behavior: Usually sits on the soil or small stones, sometimes feeds on flowers. Males are territory-assertive, that is, they either fly up and chase anyone who dares to enter the territory, or they fly into the whirling "dance-flight" around each other high into the air in a sort of territory battle.  Females are less flying around, often seen on the flowers of nectary, or lay eggs on foodplants.
Flight season: Depending on the height above sea level, the season is from the end of March until early June. Caterpillars which feed on different Astragalus species emerge one - two weeks earlier than those which feed on Kopeechnik.

Foodplants: Astragal Sverhuvolosisty, Astragalus suprapilosus, Astragal Puzyristy, Astragalus utriger, and Sweetvetch / Kopeechnik  Vetch, Hedysarum candidum.

Distribution: recorded in a few localities on coast mountains in south-eastern Crimea, Ukraine (Karadag Nature Reserve). Georgia. Grusia. Khanlar. Azerbaijan. Turkey. Syria. Iraq and Iran.

Similar species are: Provence Hairstreak or Cardenillo, Tomares ballus (Fabricius, 1787) It is found in the Iberian Peninsula, Northern Africa and along the Mediterranean coast of Provence, France.

Name in Danish: Kaukasisk Danser. In English: Caucasian Vernal Copper or Caucasian  Spring  Copper. In Turkey: Kafkasya Gelincigi.

Author & Photographer: Morten S. Mølgaard  & Tom Nygaard Kristensen.

Astragal Sverhuvolosisty, Astragalus suprapilosus. Foodplants of Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848). Southeast Crimea d 5 April 2009. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenSweetvetch / Kopeechnik  Vetch, Hedysarum candidum. Foodplants of Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848). Southeast Crimea d 5 April 2009. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenAstragal Puzyristy, Astragalus utriger. Foodplants of Caucasian Vernal Copper, Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848). Southeast Crimea d 5 April 2009. Photographer: Tom Nygaard Kristensen

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Nogel's Spring Copper

Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851).

first update  d. 8 may 2009

last update d. 2 april 2023

Locality for Nogel's Hairstreak. South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20 May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851). South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 21 May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851). South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 21 May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851). South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 21 May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851) female. South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20 May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851) male. South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20  May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851) female. South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 21 May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851) female. South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20  May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851). South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 21 May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenFoodplants for Nogel's Hairstreak. Astragalus ponticus. South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20 May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851). South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20  May 2008. Photographer: Morten S. MølgaardNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, (Herrich-Schäffer,1851)  female laying eggs on foodplants. South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20  May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii.  Eggs on foodplants;  Astragal Pontiyski, (Astragalus ponticus). South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20  May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard KristensenNogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii. Ants nurse eggs. South Crimea, Ukraine. d. 20  May 2008. Photographer: Tom Nygaard Kristensen

Nogel´s Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii  (Herrich-Schäffer,1851) ssp.: nesimachus (Oberthur, 1893).

Habitat: Dry rocky slopes in open woodland especially with oak scrub.
Behavior: It is not very shy, flying low over the vegetation, sometimes taking off in high flight through the bushes or trees. Sits mainly on foodplants and other herbaceous plants. Males are territory-assertive, Females are less flying around, often seen on the flowers to nectary.  Normally it does not fly very far away from habitats, but can be seen individually in a distance up to several kilometers away from the locality!
Flight season: Flight season begins in the second week of May and until mid June.

Foodplants: Only on Astragal Pontiyski, Astragalus ponticus.

Distribution: Dobrogea, Romania†. Recorded in a few localities on coastmountains in south-eastern Crimea, Ukraine. Syria. Lebanon. Israel. Turkey. Georgia. Armenia. Kurdistan. Iraq and Iran.

Name in Danish: Sortehavsdanser. In French: Faux-cuivré de l'astragale.
In English: Nogel's Hairstreak or Nogel's Spring Copper. In Turkey: Anadolu Gelincidi.

Author & Photographer: Tom Nygaard Kristensen & Morten S. Mølgaard.

 


Photos, Reference and Literature:

Lepidoptera of Crimea by Vladimir Savchuk

Dagsommerfugle i Europa af Morten S. Mølgaard

Link to Diginature.nl by Johannes van Donge

Link to European Butterflies by Chris Jonko

Collins Butterfly Guide: The Most Complete Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe by Tom Tolman and Richard Lewington 2008.


Tomarini
Tomares fedtschenkoi (Erschoff, 1874) Turkmenistan Tadzhikistan
Tomares romanovi (Christoph, 1881)
Tomares romanovi romanovi (Christoph, 1881) Armenia Azerbaijan
Tomares romanovi cyprius (Stichel, 1911) Turkmenistan
Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848) Crimea Azerbaijan Turkmenistan
Tomares nogelii (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
Tomares nogelii dobrogensis (Caraja, 1895) Moldova Ukraine
Tomares nogelii nesimachus (Oberthür, 1893) Crimea
Tomares ballus (Fabricius, 1787) North Afrika, Portugal, Spain, France
Tomares mauretanicus (Lucas, 1849) Tunesia, Algir, Morokko

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Swallowtails from China.

July 2006 by Tom Nygaard Kristensen


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