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Fritillaries, Argynnis (Fabricius, 1807). Wikipedia.
Is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, one of several groups known as "fritillaries".

Fritillaries, Argynnis (Fabricius, 1807).
which is in English called; Fritillaries. Is a genus of butterflies in the subfamily; Heliconinae in the butterfly family Nymphalidae. Its species are commonly found in Europe and Asia.

Fritillaries species have a common ancestor that existed 15 million years ago in central Asia, which split into the Issoria, Boloria, Brenthis, Argynnis, Fabriciana and Speyeria genera and more 12 to 6.60 million years ago.
Speyeria and Boloria species immigration to North America occurred about 5.18 million years ago. And since then, Speyeria species in North America have split into approx. 19 species in relation to the many different Violas, Viola sp. Link to pdf fil.

This genus has three subgenera: Argynnis, Fabriciana, and Speyeria. The species of the subgenera Argynnis and Fabriciana are found in Europe and Asia, while those of Speyeria are widespread in North America but also found in Europe and Asia.

Subgenus Argynnis (Fabricius, 1807).
Argynnis anadyomene (Felder, 1861). – (palearctic fritillary).
Argynnis childreni (Gray, 1831). – (large silverstripe).
Argynnis hyperbius (Linnaeus, 1763). – (tropical fritillary)
Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771). – (pallas's fritillary)
Argynnis pandora (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775). – (cardinal butterfly)
Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758). – (silver-washed fritillary)
Argynnis ruslana (Motschulsky, 1866).
Argynnis sagana (Doubleday, 1847). – (sagana fritillary)
Argynnis zenobia (Leech, 1890).

Butterflies of India by Indian Foundation for Butterflies.

Speyeria/Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758) – Dark-green Silverspot
Argynnis argyrospilata Kotzsch, 1938 – Crescent Fritillary
Argynnis childreni (Gray, 1831). – (large silverstripe).
Speyeria/Argynnis clara Blanchard, [1844] – Silverstreak Fritillary
Argynnis hyperbius (Linnaeus, 1763). – (tropical fritillary) (ACN=Indian Fritillary)
Argynnis (hyperbius) castetsi (Oberthür, 1891) – Palni Branded Fritillary (=Argynnis hyperbius castetsi)
Argynnis (hyperbius) hybrida (Evans, 1912( – Nilgiri Branded Fritillary (=Argynnis hyperbius hybrida)
Argynnis jainadeva Moore, 1864 – Highbrown Silverspot
Argynnis kamala Moore, [1858] – Common Silverstripe
Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771). – (pallas's fritillary)
Argynnis westphali Gallo & Della Bruna, 2016 – Emerald-and-Silver Fritillary
Argynnis pandora (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775). – (cardinal butterfly)

Subgenus Fabriciana (Reuss, 1920).
Argynnis adippe (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) – (high brown fritillary)
Argynnis auresiana Frühstorfer, 1908 – (false grayling)
Argynnis elisa Godart, 1823 – (corsican fritillary)
Argynnis jainadeva Moore, 1864 – (highbrown silverspot)
Argynnis kamala Moore, 1857 – (common silverstripe)
Argynnis nerippe (Felder, 1862) – (nerippe fritillary)
Argynnis niobe (Linnaeus, 1758) – (niobe fritillary)
Argynnis vorax (Butler, 1871).
Argynnis xipe (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891).

Subgenus: Speyeria (Scudder, 1872). – (greater fritillaries).

Interrelationships and diversification of
Argynnis and Speyeria fritillary butterflies

Markperlemorsommerfugl, Speyeria aglaja	Mormon Perlemorsommerfugl, Speyeria mormonia	Hydaspe Perlemorsommerfugl, Speyeria hydaspe
Melby Overdrev, Nordsjælland, Danmark d. 21 juli 2017. Fotograf; Per Vindis	Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA d. 12 august 2012. Fotograf; Henrik S. Larsen	Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA d. 12 august 2012. Fotograf; Henrik S. Larsen

Interrelationships and diversification of
Argynnis and Speyeria fritillary butterflies

ROBERT S. DE MOYA, WESLEY K. SAVAGE, CHRIS TENNEY,
XIAOSHAN BAO, NIKLAS WAHLBERG and RYAN HILL

Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, U.S.A.,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, U.S.A.,
Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A.
And Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
March 2017.

Kommer i deres meget omfattende undersøgelse med den overraskende konklusion, at den nuværende opdeling i en amerikansk slægt Speyeria og en europæisk-asiatisk slægt Argynnis er uholdbar.
Derfor anbefaler man en opdeling i tre slægter; Argynnis, Fabriciana og Speyeria.

Link til pdf fil.

De store perlemorsommerfugle arter har en fælles forfader der for 15 milioner år siden fandtes i det centrale Asien som for 12 til 6,60 milioner år siden delte sig op i Issoria, Brenthis, Argynnis, Fabriciana og Speyeria slægterne.
Speyeria arterne indvandringen til Nordamerika skete for ca. 5.18 milioner år siden. Og siden har de i Nordamerika delt sig op i ca. 17 arter i relation med de mange forskellige Viol, Viola sp.