Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA d. 12 august 2012. Photographer; Henrik S. Larsen

Mormon Fritillary, Speyeria mormonia (Boisduval, 1869).
Family: Nymphalidae. Subfamily: Heliconinae.

Identification: Small, with large rounded antennal clubs. Upperside tawny to orange-brown; male with no black scales on veins. Underside of hindwing orange-brown; base sometimes slightly darker or greenish. Spots are usually silvered.
Wing Span: (3.8 - 6.1 cm).

Habitat: Mountain meadows and fell-fields, moist prairie valleys, subarctic forest openings.

Adult Food: Nectar from a variety of flowers including goldenrod.

Life History: Males patrol near the ground in open areas for females. Eggs are laid singly on leaf litter near host plants. Caterpillars hatch but do not feed, hibernating until spring when they eat the host leaves.

Flight: One flight from June-September.

Caterpillar Hosts: Violets including Viola adunca, V. nuttallii, V. nephrophylla, and V. palustris.

Range: Western mountains from southern Alaska south and east to Manitoba and the Dakotas; south to central California, eastern Nevada, southeastern Arizona, and northern New Mexico.

Supspecies:
Speyeria mormonia ssp. mormonia (Boisduval, 1869). TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Ha.
Speyeria mormonia ssp. obsidiana (J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998). TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Ha.

Conservation: Not usually of concern.
NCGR: G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
Management Needs: None reported.

Butterflies and Moths of North America
collecting and sharing data about Lepidoptera.

Nymphalidae from butterflies of america.
Argynnis or Speyeria (Fabricius, 1807). 19 species.
Argynnis or Speyeria from butterflies of america.

GBIF: Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
World distribution:
Mormon Fritillary, Speyeria mormonia (Boisduval, 1869)

íNaturalist.org
began as the Master's final project of Nate Agrin, Jessica Kline,
and Ken-ichi Ueda at UC Berkeley's School of Information in 2008.
Mormon Fritillary, Speyeria mormonia (Boisduval, 1869)

Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA d. 12 august 2012. Photographer; Henrik S. Larsen

Hydaspe Fritillary, Speyeria hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869).
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA d. 12 august 2012.
Photographer; Henrik S. Larsen

Hydaspe Fritillary, Speyeria hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869).
Family: Nymphalidae. Subfamily: Heliconinae.

Identification: Upperside orange-brown with dark bases and heavy dark markings. Underside light brown to dark maroon with violet tinge. Hindwing submarginal band slightly paler than rest of wing; spots cream-colored, bordered with black, and may or may not be silvered.
Wing Span: (5 - 6.4 cm).

Habitat: Moist forest openings and mountain meadows.

Adult Food: Flower nectar.

Life History: Eggs are laid near host plants. Unfed, first-stage caterpillars hibernate; in the spring they eat leaves.

Flight: One brood from June-September.

Caterpillar Hosts: Violets including Viola adunca, V. glabella, V. nuttallii, V. orbiculata, and V. purpurea.

Range: British Columbia east to Alberta, south to southern California, Idaho, Montana, and New Mexico.

Supspecies:
Speyeria hydaspe ssp. viridicornis (J. A. Comstock, 1925) TL: not specified M T S L1 L2.
Speyeria hydaspe ssp. hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869). TL: USA (Ca) M T S L
Speyeria hydaspe ssp. tehama (J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998). TL: USA (Ca) M T S I.
Speyeria hydaspe ssp. davisi (J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998) TL: USA (Ca) M T S.
Speyeria hydaspe ssp. rhodope (W. H. Edwards, 1874) TL: Canada (BC) M T S1 S2 L1 L2 Ha
Speyeria hydaspe NW OR & SW WA Coast Range segregate (, ) M S L Ha.
Speyeria hydaspe ssp. minor (dos Passos & Grey, 1947) TL: not specified M T S.

Conservation: Not usually of concern.
NCGR: G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
Management Needs: None reported.

Butterflies and Moths of North America
collecting and sharing data about Lepidoptera.

Nymphalidae from butterflies of america.
Argynnis or Speyeria (Fabricius, 1807). 19 species.
Argynnis or Speyeria from butterflies of america.

GBIF: Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
World distribution:
Hydaspe Fritillary, Speyeria hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869).

íNaturalist.org
began as the Master's final project of Nate Agrin, Jessica Kline,
and Ken-ichi Ueda at UC Berkeley's School of Information in 2008.
Hydaspe Fritillary, Speyeria hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869).

Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA d. 12 august 2012. Photographer; Henrik S. Larsen

Hydaspe Fritillary, Speyeria hydaspe. (Boisduval, 1869).
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA d. 12 august 2012.
Photographer; Henrik S. Larsen

Interrelationships and diversification of
Argynnis and Speyeria fritillary butterflies

Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, U.S.A.,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, U.S.A.,
Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A.
And Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
March 2017.

Kommer i deres meget omfattende undersøgelse med den overraskende konklusion, at den nuværende opdeling i en amerikansk slægt Speyeria og en europæisk-asiatisk slægt Argynnis er uholdbar.
Derfor anbefaler man en opdeling i tre slægter; Argynnis, Fabriciana og Speyeria.

Link to pdf file.

De store perlemorsommerfugle arter har en fælles forfader der for 15 milioner år siden fandtes i det centrale Asien som for 12 til 6,60 milioner år siden delte sig op i Issoria, Brenthis, Argynnis, Fabriciana og Speyeria slægterne.
Speyeria arterne indvandringen til Nordamerika skete for ca. 5.18 milioner år siden. Og siden har de i Nordamerika delt sig op i ca. 17 arter i relation med de mange forskellige Viol, Viola sp.

_______________________________

In their very comprehensive study, they come to the surprising conclusion that the current division into an American genus Speyeria and a European-Asian genus Argynnis is untenable.
Therefore, they recommend a division into three genera; Argynnis, Fabriciana and Speyeria.

Link to pdf file.

The Large Fritillary species have a common ancestor that existed in central Asia 15 million years ago, which split into the Issoria, Brenthis, Argynnis, Fabriciana and Speyeria genera 12 to 6.60 million years ago.
The Speyeria species migrated to North America about 5.18 million years ago. And since then, they have split into about 19 species in North America in relation to the many different Viol, Viola sp.

_______________________________________

Nymphalidae from butterflies of america.

Argynnis or Speyeria (Fabricius, 1807). 19 species.

Argynnis or Speyeria from butterflies of america.Argynnis or Speyeria (Fabricius, 1807). 19 species.

1. Speyeria diana (Cramer, 1777) Diana Fritillary iN
Speyeria diana diana (Cramer, 1777) TL: USA (Va). Diana Fritillary iN

Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775). Great Spangled Fritillary ref.16 iN
Speyeria cybele cybele (Fabricius, 1775) TL: USA (NY) M S L1 L2 L3 L4 LAb Ha
W. Barnes, 1897 TL: USA (Co) M S L I Ha

Speyeria leto (Behr, 1862). Great Spangled Fritillary ref.16
Speyeria leto leto (Behr, 1862). TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 Ha

Speyeria aphrodite (Fabricius, 1787) Aphrodite Fritillary iN
Speyeria aphrodite aphrodite (Fabricius, 1787). TL: USA (NY) M S L

5.Speyeria idalia (Drury, 1773). Regal Fritillary iN
Speyeria idalia idalia (Drury, 1773) TL: USA (NY) M T S L I

Speyeria nokomis (W. H. Edwards, 1862). Nokomis Fritillary. iN
Speyeria nokomis nokomis (W. H. Edwards, 1862). TL: USA (Co) M T S

Speyeria edwardsii (Reakirt, 1866). Edwards' Fritillary. iN M T S1 S2 Ab L1 L2 Ha

Speyeria coronis (Behr, 1864). Coronis Fritillary. iN
Speyeria coronis coronis (Behr, 1864). TL: not specified M T S L1 L2

Speyeria zerene (Boisduval, 1852). Zerene Fritillary. iN
Speyeria zerene zerene (Boisduval, 1852). TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Ha

10. Speyeria callippe (Boisduval, 1852). Callippe Fritillary. iN
Speyeria callippe callippe (Boisduval, 1852). TL: USA (Ca) M T S

Speyeria egleis (Behr, 1862). Great Basin Fritillary. iN
Speyeria egleis egleis (Behr, 1862). TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 L3

Speyeria adiaste (W. H. Edwards, 1864). Unsilvered Fritillary. iN
Speyeria adiaste adiaste (W. H. Edwards, 1864). TL: USA (Ca) M T S L

Speyeria atlantis (W. H. Edwards, 1862). Atlantis Fritillary. iN
Speyeria atlantis atlantis (W. H. Edwards, 1862). TL: USA (NY) M T S L

Speyeria irene (Boisduval, 1869(. Northwestern Fritillary. ref.11
Speyeria irene irene Boisduval, 1869 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L

15. Speyeria nausicaa (W. H. Edwards, 1874). Northwestern Fritillary.
Speyeria nausicaa nausicaa W. H. Edwards, 1874 TL: USA (Az) M T S L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6

Speyeria hesperis (W. H. Edwards, 1864). Northwestern Fritillary. iN
Speyeria hesperis hesperis W. H. Edwards, 1864 TL: USA (Co) M T S1 S2 S3 S4 Ab L Ha

Speyeria hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869). Hydaspe Fritillary. iN
Speyeria hydaspe hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869). TL: USA (Ca) M T S L

Speyeria mormonia (Boisduval, 1869). Mormon Fritillary. ref.16 iN
Speyeria mormonia mormonia (Boisduval, 1869). TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Ha

19. Speyeria bischoffii (W. H. Edwards, 1870). Mormon Fritillary. ref.16
Speyeria bischoffii bischoffii (W. H. Edwards, 1870). TL: USA (Ak) M S L.